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Hyacinth bean was used for developing a functional yoghurt-like product with a high level of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). Germinated hyacinth bean extract was fermented with three different yoghurt cultures to pH 4.5 and then stored at 4-6 ℃ for 21 days. The variation in GABA and phytic acid levels during cold storage was evaluated. The type of culture and storage time significantly influenced GABA and phytic acid levels. Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris, Lc. lactis ssp. lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus produced a yoghurt-like product with the highest level of GABA. In addition, the level of GABA and phytic acid significantly decreased during cold storage.

This study evaluated the antibacterial and bactericidal activities of fresh aqueous extracts prepared from guava (Psidium guajava) leaves and fruits against two important freshwater fish pathogens, Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare. For each bacterial species, three strains were revived from the bacterial collection maintained at the Faculty of Fisheries, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, and were confirmed by colony morphology, biochemical characteristics, and species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fresh extracts were obtained by mechanically pressing 100 g of guava leaves or fruits with 200 mL of distilled water, yielding 163 mL and 186 mL of extract, respectively. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method. The inhibition zones produced by the fruit extract against E. ictaluri and F. columnare measured 21.4 mm and 25.8 mm, respectively, and were significantly smaller than those produced by the leaf extract (26.7 mm and 30.8 mm, respectively). Both extracts exhibited strong antibacterial activity, comparable to that of oxytetracycline (30 µg). The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the fruit extract against E. ictaluri and F. columnare were 1:4 (12.5%) and 1:16 (3.13%), respectively. In contrast, the leaf extract showed bactericidal activity at lower concentrations, with MBCs of 1:8 (6.25%) for E. ictaluri and 1:32 (1.57%) for F. columnare. Overall, these findings demonstrate that fresh guava leaves extract, in particular, possesses strong antibacterial and bactericidal activities and has considerable potential for controlling bacterial diseases caused by E. ictaluri and F. columnare in freshwater aquaculture.

Few studies have examined comprehensive factors affecting consumers’ behavior toward sustainable fashion, especially in developing countries. This study identifies the factors affecting sustainable fashion consumption behavior among Generation Z in Vietnam, a demographic segment playing a pivotal role in shaping modern consumer trends. Data were collected from 216 respondents through an online survey and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that environmental concern plays a crucial role in motivating the young generation to purchase sustainable fashion. Also, awareness of sustainable fashion significantly and positively affects the tendency to engage in sustainable purchasing. In contrast, price sensitivity negatively impacts purchase decisions, indicating that financial barriers remain a major obstacle to sustainable consumption. Gender and education are also associated with purchasing behavior toward sustainable fashion. Moreover, the high shopping frequency reflects a gap between current consumer behavior and sustainability goals. Based on these results, this study recommends targeted policies to enhance public awareness and facilitate access to sustainable fashion. These include educational campaigns, financial support initiatives, and eco-labeling strategies to promote responsible consumption habits among the youth in the future.

This study examines the role of human capital in influencing organic fertilizer adoption among vegetable-farming households in Phuc Loc commune in the context of agricultural digital transformation. Survey data were collected from 100 households in study area. The results reveal clear differences between organic fertilizer users and non-users, particularly in terms of digital skills. Households adopting organic fertilizers demonstrate higher levels of both traditional human capital (education, farming experience, labor participation, and training) and digital human capital, including abilities to access, evaluate, and apply digital information. A fractional logit model is employed to analyze the relationship between human capital and the share of organic fertilizer expenditure in total fertilizer costs. The findings indicate that digital human capital—such as skills in using digital devices, filtering information, searching for fertilizer-related content, applying instructional videos, purchasing inputs via digital platforms, and promoting products on social media—positively affects organic fertilizer use. In contrast, online market information search, perceived information overload, and risk awareness show negative associations. Overall, the results suggest that promoting green agricultural practices requires systematic investment in farmers’ human capital, particularly digital skills.