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Hyacinth bean was used for developing a functional yoghurt-like product with a high level of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). Germinated hyacinth bean extract was fermented with three different yoghurt cultures to pH 4.5 and then stored at 4-6 ℃ for 21 days. The variation in GABA and phytic acid levels during cold storage was evaluated. The type of culture and storage time significantly influenced GABA and phytic acid levels. Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris, Lc. lactis ssp. lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus produced a yoghurt-like product with the highest level of GABA. In addition, the level of GABA and phytic acid significantly decreased during cold storage.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple crops worldwide, providing the primary source for more than half of the global population and playing a central role in food security, particularly in Asia and developing countries. Despite its importance, rice production is increasingly constrained by stresses that threaten both yield sustainability and environmental health. The traditional practices are using fertiliser and chemical pesticides to reduce the effects of stress and increase the productivity of rice, which potentially produces negative effects on the environment and human health. Therefore, there is a growing need for innovative strategies to enhance rice productivity sustainably. In this context, nanotechnology, particularly the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), has emerged as a promising approach to improve stress tolerance and crop performance while potentially reducing fertilizer inputs and environmental impacts. In this study, IR64 rice seedlings were exposed to AgNPs at concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 ppm to assess their effects on free amino acid accumulation and metal uptake. The responses were both concentration- and tissue-dependent, with increased total and non-essential FAA levels but reduced essential amino acids at higher AgNP concentrations. Low to moderate AgNP doses enhanced metal uptake, whereas high concentrations inhibited it, with metals largely retained in roots rather than translocated to shoots. These findings provide insight into how AgNPs modulate amino acid metabolism and metal accumulation in rice, highlighting both their potential and limitations for agricultural applications.

Vermicompost leachate is a product derived from the vermicomposting process using organic materials such as agricultural by-products or household organic waste. Depending on the composting substrates, vermicompost leachate can be used as an organic fertilizer or as a natural plant protection agent. This study aimed to identify suitable composting materials for producing high-quality vermicompost leachate and to evaluate its effects on cucumber plants. The experiment consisted of three composting treatments using different substrates, including cow manure combined with water spinach, household organic waste, and coatbuttons (Bidens pilosa L.). The results showed that the treatment using cow manure combined with water spinach (TL1) produced the best performance, generating vermicompost leachate with the highest electrical conductivity (EC) (1958 µS cm⁻¹) and the greatest number of adult earthworms after composting (494 individuals). In application to cucumber plants, foliar spraying with TL1 vermicompost leachate at increasing concentrations significantly improved growth parameters, including plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry biomass, and yield. Notably, the treatment with 20% vermicompost leachate produced growth and yield comparable to the control treatment using 100% chemical fertilizer. These findings contribute to promoting the conversion of agricultural by-products into useful inputs for crop production, thereby helping to reduce organic waste and environmental pollution.

This study evaluated the antibacterial and bactericidal activities of fresh aqueous extracts prepared from guava (Psidium guajava) leaves and fruits against two important freshwater fish pathogens, Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare. For each bacterial species, three strains were revived from the bacterial collection maintained at the Faculty of Fisheries, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, and were confirmed by colony morphology, biochemical characteristics, and species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fresh extracts were obtained by mechanically pressing 100 g of guava leaves or fruits with 200 mL of distilled water, yielding 163 mL and 186 mL of extract, respectively. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar well diffusion method. The inhibition zones produced by the fruit extract against E. ictaluri and F. columnare measured 21.4 mm and 25.8 mm, respectively, and were significantly smaller than those produced by the leaf extract (26.7 mm and 30.8 mm, respectively). Both extracts exhibited strong antibacterial activity, comparable to that of oxytetracycline (30 µg). The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the fruit extract against E. ictaluri and F. columnare were 1:4 (12.5%) and 1:16 (3.13%), respectively. In contrast, the leaf extract showed bactericidal activity at lower concentrations, with MBCs of 1:8 (6.25%) for E. ictaluri and 1:32 (1.57%) for F. columnare. Overall, these findings demonstrate that fresh guava leaves extract, in particular, possesses strong antibacterial and bactericidal activities and has considerable potential for controlling bacterial diseases caused by E. ictaluri and F. columnare in freshwater aquaculture.

This study was conducted to isolate and characterize lactic acid bacteria strains with probiotic potential and antagonistic activity against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, a major causative agent of diarrhea in piglets. A total of 282 LAB strains were isolated from 400 samples of traditional fermented foods, chicken and swine intestines, and raw milk. Among these, 92 isolates (32.62%) exhibited inhibitory activity against ETEC, and the 10 strains with the strongest antagonistic activity were selected for further characterization. MALDI-TOF MS revealed that the selected strains belonged to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Levilactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Enterococcus faecium. All selected LAB strains were non-hemolytic and tolerant to acidic conditions and bile salts, with survival rates ranging from 48.48% to 97.67%. Auto-aggregation and co-aggregation with ETEC ranged from 41.96%–67.52% and 25.85%–45.06%, respectively. All LAB strains exhibited resistance to at least two antibiotics, with five distinct resistance phenotypes. These findings suggest that the selected LAB strains are promising candidates for developing probiotic formulations to prevent diarrhea caused by ETEC in piglets. Keywords

In the context of precision machining, predicting the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of cutting tools plays a critical role in optimizing production processes and reducing maintenance costs. This study proposes and develops four machine learning models for predicting tool RUL in milling operations, including Exponential Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Fine Tree, Linear Regression, and Quadratic Support Vector Machine (SVM). The input dataset is constructed from sensor signals and key process parameters, including three-axis vibrations (vibration­_x, vibration_y, vibration_z), acoustic emission signals, spindle load, cutting speed, feed rate, material hardness, and tool wear. The models are trained and evaluated using standard performance metrics, namely the coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). Experimental results indicate that the Linear Regression model outperforms the other models, achieving an R² value of 1 and extremely low prediction errors (RMSE = 4.1 × 10⁻⁸; MAE = 3.2 × 10⁻⁸). The findings suggest that the proposed framework is both effective and highly applicable for tool condition monitoring, while also supporting the optimization of cutting parameters in milling processes.

Few studies have examined comprehensive factors affecting consumers’ behavior toward sustainable fashion, especially in developing countries. This study identifies the factors affecting sustainable fashion consumption behavior among Generation Z in Vietnam, a demographic segment playing a pivotal role in shaping modern consumer trends. Data were collected from 216 respondents through an online survey and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that environmental concern plays a crucial role in motivating the young generation to purchase sustainable fashion. Also, awareness of sustainable fashion significantly and positively affects the tendency to engage in sustainable purchasing. In contrast, price sensitivity negatively impacts purchase decisions, indicating that financial barriers remain a major obstacle to sustainable consumption. Gender and education are also associated with purchasing behavior toward sustainable fashion. Moreover, the high shopping frequency reflects a gap between current consumer behavior and sustainability goals. Based on these results, this study recommends targeted policies to enhance public awareness and facilitate access to sustainable fashion. These include educational campaigns, financial support initiatives, and eco-labeling strategies to promote responsible consumption habits among the youth in the future.

This study examines the role of human capital in influencing organic fertilizer adoption among vegetable-farming households in Phuc Loc commune in the context of agricultural digital transformation. Survey data were collected from 100 households in study area. The results reveal clear differences between organic fertilizer users and non-users, particularly in terms of digital skills. Households adopting organic fertilizers demonstrate higher levels of both traditional human capital (education, farming experience, labor participation, and training) and digital human capital, including abilities to access, evaluate, and apply digital information. A fractional logit model is employed to analyze the relationship between human capital and the share of organic fertilizer expenditure in total fertilizer costs. The findings indicate that digital human capital—such as skills in using digital devices, filtering information, searching for fertilizer-related content, applying instructional videos, purchasing inputs via digital platforms, and promoting products on social media—positively affects organic fertilizer use. In contrast, online market information search, perceived information overload, and risk awareness show negative associations. Overall, the results suggest that promoting green agricultural practices requires systematic investment in farmers’ human capital, particularly digital skills.

African swine fever (ASF) continues to cause billions of dollars in global losses each year, disrupting pork supply chains and food security across Asia. This review analyzes the persistent gap between laboratory success and field performance of African swine fever vaccines, emphasizing live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) and hybrid next-generation platforms. It synthesizes recent findings on gene-deleted LAVs, encapsulin-based subunits, and mRNA or nanoparticle boosters that collectively aim to balance efficacy, safety, and DIVA compatibility. Key challenges include incomplete cross-protection, undefined immune correlates, and biosafety risks such as virulence reversion or recombination. Manufacturing constraints—dependence on porcine cell substrates, quality assurance, and scalability—compound system-level obstacles related to fragmented regulation and limited pharmacovigilance. Vietnam’s supervised rollout of NAVET-ASFVAC and AVAC ASF LIVE, with millions of doses deployed under strict monitoring, exemplifies a risk-managed model for national implementation. Looking ahead, coordinated regional governance, standardized challenge models, and harmonized regulatory frameworks are essential to translate next-generation hybrid vaccines into safe, scalable, and equitable ASF control strategies.