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Hyacinth bean was used for developing a functional yoghurt-like product with a high level of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). Germinated hyacinth bean extract was fermented with three different yoghurt cultures to pH 4.5 and then stored at 4-6 ℃ for 21 days. The variation in GABA and phytic acid levels during cold storage was evaluated. The type of culture and storage time significantly influenced GABA and phytic acid levels. Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris, Lc. lactis ssp. lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus produced a yoghurt-like product with the highest level of GABA. In addition, the level of GABA and phytic acid significantly decreased during cold storage.

Understanding the genomic basis of indigenous livestock is essential for both conservation and sustainable improvement. Korean native chickens (KNCs), although representing a small fraction of the poultry industry in Korea, are distinguished by their unique meat quality, robustness, and adaptability. Recent genomic studies have investigated their genetic diversity, evolutionary history, and economically important traits. High-density SNP arrays and population structure analyses have clarified the distinct identity of KNC lines, while runs of homozygosity provided insights into inbreeding, conservation progress, and functional loci. Selection signature analyses identified candidate genes related to growth, metabolism, reproduction, and immune function, reflecting line-specific adaptation. Genome-wide association studies further identified variants associated with taste-active compounds, fatty acid composition, and growth traits, offering a foundation for genomic selection. Moreover, research on disease-related genes such as major histocompatibility complex B genes has documented substantial genetic variability in KNCs, establishing important genomic resources for subsequent studies on avian immunity and pathogen response. Together, these findings highlight KNCs as a valuable reservoir of genetic variation with implications for both conservation and breeding. More broadly, the genomic insights obtained from KNCs provide a cautious yet informative model for indigenous livestock worldwide, demonstrating how genomic tools can support sustainable breeding programs that balance biodiversity preservation with productivity.

This study explores the sustainable management of agricultural waste through the transformation of spoiled eggs into high-quality liquid fertilizers. Egg-based fertilizers (EFs) prepared from different input compositions were characterized physicochemical properties and evaluated effect on the growth, physiological performance, and yield of Malabar spinach (Basella alba). Three treatments were prepared: EF1 (spoiled eggs without chicks), EF2 (spoiled eggs with chicks), and EF3 (a 1:1 mixture of both). EF1 contained the highest concentrations of total nitrogen (6.09 g L⁻¹), total and available phosphorus (1.05 g L⁻¹ and 0.80 g L⁻¹ P₂O₅, respectively), and total calcium (3.79 g L⁻¹ CaO), with no detectable Escherichia coli or Salmonella. EF3 had the highest potassium content (1.16 g L⁻¹ total and 1.04 g L⁻¹ available K₂O). In a field trial, EF1 was applied at concentrations of 10‰, 15‰, and 20‰, and compared with a commercial organic fish fertilizer and an unfertilized control. Application of EF1 at 15‰ significantly improved shoot length, leaf dimensions, SPAD, leaf area index (LAI), and yield (6.3 and 11.9 t ha⁻¹ at 21 and 37 days after planting, respectively). Yield was strongly correlated with leaf length (r = 0.96**), leaf width (r = 0.92**), SPAD (r = 0.84**), and LAI (r = 0.90**), underscoring the importance of leaf expansion and chlorophyll content in determining productivity. Nitrate concentrations in all treatments remained below 150 mg kg⁻¹, well within safe limits for leafy vegetables. These findings highlight EF1 at 15‰ as a safe, effective, and sustainable fertilizer option for leafy vegetable production.

The study investigated the effects of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH), derived from fish processing by-products, on the growth, yield, and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in a static hydroponic system. Four nutrient treatments were evaluated: a control using a commercial inorganic Snap solution (T1) and three FPH-based solutions at concentrations of 300 ppm (T2), 600 ppm (T3), and 900 ppm (T4). Results showed that the 600 ppm FPH treatment (T3) significantly enhanced plant growth and physiological performance compared with the control. Lettuce under T3 achieved the greatest root length (21.4 cm), canopy diameter (27.6 cm), SPAD value (38.5), and fresh yield (438.2 g plant⁻¹), representing a 22-30% increase over T1. Quality attributes also improved under moderate FPH application. Vitamin C content increased to 10.5 mg 100 g⁻¹ in T3 compared with 7.5 mg 100 g⁻¹ in the control, while nitrate concentration decreased markedly from 398.5 to 242.1 mg 100 g⁻¹. Soluble solids content rose from 3.7 to 4.2 °Brix, indicating improved sweetness and flavor. No Escherichia coli or Salmonella spp. contamination was detected in any treatment, confirming product safety. Overall, the application of 600 ppm FPH provided an optimal balance between yield, nutritional quality, and microbial safety. These findings demonstrate that fish protein hydrolysate offers a cost-effective and sustainable nutrient alternative for hydroponic lettuce production, promoting circular resource utilization and environmentally friendly agriculture.

Hypothermic storage at 4 °C offers a practical and low-cost approach for short-term handling of bovine in vitro–produced (IVP) embryos; however, optimal buffering conditions and storage limits for preserving embryo viability remain insufficiently defined. This study evaluated how varying HEPES concentrations and storage durations influence post-chilling survival and developmental competence of Day-7 IVP blastocysts. Across treatments, TCM-199 supplemented with 50% FBS supported the highest embryo recovery, and the response to HEPES showed a clear concentration-dependent pattern. Moderate buffering markedly improved embryo stability, with embryos stored in 25 mM HEPES exhibiting the highest post-storage survival and hatching (approximately 63% and 37%, respectively). In contrast, insufficient (0 mM) or excessive supplementation (≥50 mM) resulted in substantially reduced developmental performance, confirming that an intermediate buffering range provides the greatest protection during chilling. Storage duration further shaped embryo outcomes. Embryos maintained relatively high viability after 24–48 h of hypothermic exposure (survival ~54–62%), whereas prolonged storage led to a sharp decline in developmental potential, with hatching becoming rare or absent beyond 72–96 h. Total cell number also decreased markedly after extended storage, indicating progressive structural compromise. These findings identify an optimal HEPES range and a practical storage window that together enhance the success of hypothermic preservation of bovine IVP embryos. The study establishes biologically validated parameters that can support the development of reliable, low-cost protocols for embryo storage and transport in research and field applications.

This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of fermented betel leaf preparation on growth performance, feed utilization, and resistance to Aeromonas veronii infection in common carp Cyprinus carpio. A 6-week feeding trial was conducted using four diets: PF0 (control), PF2 (2 g kg-1), PF5 (5 g kg-1), and PF10 (10 g kg-1). After the feeding period, fish were challenged with A. veronii, and cumulative mortality was recorded over 14 days to assess disease resistance. Results showed that supplementation at 10 g kg-1, significantly enhanced growth performance, while feed utilization indices did not differ among treatments. Survival during the feeding period remained 100%, indicating that the fermented preparation was safe for fish. The PF10 group exhibited the lowest cumulative mortality (22.73%), followed by PF5 (35.38%), both significantly lower than the control (46.67%), demonstrating the immunoprotective potential of the fermented product. Overall, the findings indicate that dietary inclusion of fermented betel leaf, especially at 10 g kg-1, can improve growth, maintain feed efficiency, and enhance resistance to A. veronii infection in common carp, contributing to safer and more sustainable aquaculture practices.

Trace metal (TM) contamination in post-mining soils represents a long-term environmental risk due to potential leaching into groundwater. This study assessed TM behaviour along the soil–groundwater pathway at a recently abandoned bauxite mining site in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, currently cultivated with cassava for bioenergy production. Soil profiles were sampled for physicochemical characterization, solid-phase TM contents, and TM mobility. Mobility was evaluated through sequential extractions and in-situ soil solution sampling with suction cups, while soil water fluxes were simulated using HYDRUS-1D based on laboratory-derived hydraulic parameters. The soils were moderately acidic (pH 5.1 ± 0.3) and rich in Fe- and Al-(hydr)oxides, favouring strong sorption and limited TM mobility. Sequential extraction showed that the mobile fractions of Cu, Zn, and Pb accounted for less than 1% of total concentrations, indicating very low bioavailability. In contrast, soil solution samples collected in situ displayed slightly higher TM concentrations, likely due to natural complexation with dissolved organic matter and minor redox fluctuations. Simulation of the soil water balance indicated an annual infiltration of 3,654 mm, evapotranspiration of 845 mm, and seepage of 2,809 mm, with TM loads far below admissible regulatory limits. Overall, TM mobility and seepage loads remain negligible under current soil and climatic conditions. However, continuous monitoring is recommended, as potential changes in pH, organic matter, or precipitation patterns could alter TM solubility and increase leaching risks in the future.

The Mekong Delta—Vietnam’s agricultural heartland—is increasingly threatened by climate change, saline intrusion, and upstream dam construction, posing serious risks to its role as a major global rice supplier. This study examines how public investment in irrigation infrastructure affects agricultural output in the region, addressing a critical gap in understanding the role of water management in enhancing agricultural resilience. Using panel data from 13 provinces between 2009 and 2023, we apply a Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) model based on a Cobb-Douglas production function to estimate the determinants of agricultural Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). The results show that irrigation investment significantly boosts agricultural productivity. While labor, capital, and land remain essential inputs, rainfall appears to have little effect—highlighting the importance of regulated water infrastructure in mitigating climate variability. These findings align with previous regional studies and reflect the Delta’s reliance on labor-intensive rice farming supported by engineered water systems. By incorporating environmental factors and current climatic trends, the study provides new empirical evidence on the region’s agricultural dynamics. It underscores the vital role of irrigation in ensuring food security and economic sustainability, offering insights for climate adaptation and infrastructure policy in environmentally vulnerable regions.

Few studies have examined comprehensive factors affecting consumers’ behavior toward sustainable fashion, especially in developing countries. This study identifies the factors affecting sustainable fashion consumption behavior among Generation Z in Vietnam, a demographic segment playing a pivotal role in shaping modern consumer trends. Data were collected from 216 respondents through an online survey and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that environmental concern plays a crucial role in motivating the young generation to purchase sustainable fashion. Also, awareness of sustainable fashion significantly and positively affects the tendency to engage in sustainable purchasing. In contrast, price sensitivity negatively impacts purchase decisions, indicating that financial barriers remain a major obstacle to sustainable consumption. Gender and education are also associated with purchasing behavior toward sustainable fashion. Moreover, the high shopping frequency reflects a gap between current consumer behavior and sustainability goals. Based on these results, this study recommends targeted policies to enhance public awareness and facilitate access to sustainable fashion. These include educational campaigns, financial support initiatives, and eco-labeling strategies to promote responsible consumption habits among the youth in the future.

This study focuses on estimating the level of technical efficiency in beef cattle production in river alluvial areas near Hung Yen urban center, using cross-sectional data collected from 150 beef cattle households. The Data Envelopment Analysis is applied for technical efficiency estimation, and a Tobit modelling approach is employed to identify the determinants of technical efficiency.  The results indicate that beef cattle production in the study area is characterized by a high and relatively homogeneous level of efficiency, with a mean technical efficiency under variable return to scale​ of 95.4%. Key factors that positively enhance technical efficiency include the farmer’s education level, the proportion of household income derived from beef production, and the number of cattle sold. Dependence on purchased roughage and excessive warehouse area per head are found to significantly reduce efficiency. These findings suggest that competitiveness can be achieved by capitalizing on scale advantage through encouraging herd consolidation or moderate scale expansion. Furthermore, policies should promote on-farm forage development to reduce farmer reliance on unstable external feed markets, and extension programs should be strategically targeted towards technically oriented and educated farmers who show a higher capacity to adopt innovations.