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• African Swine Fever Vaccine Research and Deployment: A Review of Challenges and Future Directions in Vietnam’s Supervised Rollout

  Thanh To Long

  Received: Nov 26, 2025 / Accepted: Jul 28, 2026 / Published: Sep 30, 2026

   Abstract PDF

  African swine fever (ASF) continues to cause billions of dollars in global losses each year, disrupting pork supply chains and food security across Asia. This review analyzes the persistent gap between laboratory success and field performance of African swine fever vaccines, emphasizing live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) and hybrid next-generation platforms. It synthesizes recent findings on gene-deleted LAVs, encapsulin-based subunits, and mRNA or nanoparticle boosters that collectively aim to balance efficacy, safety, and DIVA compatibility. Key challenges include inconsistent protective efficacy, undefined immune correlates, and biosafety risks such as virulence reversion or recombination. Manufacturing constraints—dependence on porcine cell substrates, quality assurance, and scalability—compound system-level obstacles related to fragmented regulation and limited pharmacovigilance. Vietnam’s supervised rollout of NAVET-ASFVAC and AVAC ASF LIVE, with millions of doses deployed under strict monitoring, exemplifies a risk-managed model for national implementation. Looking ahead, coordinated regional governance, standardized challenge models, and harmonized regulatory frameworks are essential to translate next-generation hybrid vaccines into safe, scalable, and equitable ASF control strategies.

• Research on the Control and Implementation of a Machine Vision-Based Cartesian Robot for Automated Sorting Systems

  Nguyen Thi Hien, Nguyen Van Loi, Nguyen Duy Phu, Nguyen Van Tien

  Received: Mar 23, 2026 / Accepted: Sep 09, 2026 / Published: Sep 30, 2026

   Abstract PDF

  In the context of the rapid development of Industry 4.0, the integration of industrial robots with machine vision technology is becoming an inevitable trend to enhance the level of automation in manufacturing. This paper presents the results of the control and implementation of a three-axis Cartesian robot integrated with a machine vision system for object sorting on a conveyor belt. The system was designed with a working area of ​​400 × 700 × 150mm and was capable of recognizing and sorting phone chargers based on surface print quality through image processing algorithms. Object tracking was employed to enable the robot to perform picking operations under a continuously moving conveyor belt. The experimental results showed that the system achieved a defect rejection rate of 96-98% under the tested conditions, demonstrating stable operation and its potential for practical applications. The research makes the contribution of a proposed integrated solution suitable for small and medium-scale sorting applications.

• Linear or Circular Economy: A Review of Theories, Practices, and Policy Recommendations for Vietnam

  Do Kim Chung, Nguyen Phuong Le

  Received: Mar 27, 2023 / Published: Sep 29, 2023

   Abstract PDF

  The traditional linear economy has created unstainable development. A circular economy (CE) is considered as a crucial means and has been adapted by many governments to achieve sustainable development goals. By narrative literature review, this article aims to discuss the concepts of linear and circular economies and CE models, examine countries’ CE development experiences, and make recommendations for successfully adapting a CE. The findings show that a CE is different from a linear one in terms of the step plan, focus, system boundaries, reuse, and business models. The CE model includes slowing and closing resource loops and a narrowing of resource flows and is based on the foundation of renewable and non-toxic resources as well as through long-lasting design, and reducing, maintaining, repairing, reusing, remanufacturing, refurbishing, recovering, and recycling. Many countries around the world have adapted a CE model with different circularity levels with the main focus to reduce waste. The paper also recommends that a CE should be percieved as the central point of socio-economic development programs and policies that must address the full cycle, from product design to production processes, consumption, and recycling rather than having only a waste reduction focus. Producers should use a CE framework as the basis for product design, manufacturing, and recycling strategies. Consumers should change their perception of CE and adjust their behaviors towards making decisions to buy and consume toward circularity. Also, there is a need to change the perceptions of policy makers and other stakeholders on the CE concepts and framework.