Allelopathic Potential and Hormesis Effect of Cosmos bipinnatus Extracts for Weed Management in Rice Cultivation

Date Received: Dec 02, 2024

Date Accepted: Mar 31, 2025

Date Published: Mar 31, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2025.8.1.

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Thi, H., Trang, N., & Cuong, N. (2025). Allelopathic Potential and Hormesis Effect of Cosmos bipinnatus Extracts for Weed Management in Rice Cultivation. Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8(1), 2359–2372. https://doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2025.8.1.

Allelopathic Potential and Hormesis Effect of Cosmos bipinnatus Extracts for Weed Management in Rice Cultivation

Ho Le Thi (*) 1 , Nguyen Thi Thuy Trang 1   , Nguyen The Cuong 2

  • Corresponding author: hlthi@ctu.edu.vn
  • 1 Plant Protection Faculty, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam
  • 2 Agronomy Department, Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute, Can Tho 94000, Vietnam

    • Keywords

    Cosmos bipinnatus, plant extract, weed inhibition, hormesis, biological control

    Abstract


    Weed management in rice cultivation faces increasing challenges due to herbicide resistance and environmental concerns, necessitating alternative, eco-friendly strategies. Among plant-based bioherbicides, Cosmos bipinnatus has emerged as a promising candidate due to its allelopathic potential. This study evaluated the efficacy of C. bipinnatus extracts in inhibiting key weed species, namely Echinochloa zcrus-galli, Leptochloa chinensis, Fimbristylis miliacea, and weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea). Bioassays demonstrated significant inhibition of radicle and coleoptile growth in these weeds, with stronger effects at higher concentrations. At 0.48 g mL⁻¹, inhibition reached 88% for E. crus-galli coleoptiles, 93% for its radicles, and 76% for L. chinensis coleoptiles. Notably, weedy rice, a major competitor in rice fields, was effectively suppressed, suggesting the potential of C. bipinnatus for integrated weed management. However, low extract concentrations (<0.06 g mL⁻¹) induced a hormesis effect, slightly promoting growth in some weeds and rice cultivars (OM380, OM5451, and OM18). Phytochemical analysis identified high phenolic (94.48 mg GAE g-1) and flavonoid (514.61 mg QE g-1) contents, particularly in leaves (45.93 mg GAE/g phenolic, 107.13 mg QE/g flavonoid) and flowers (63.89 mg GAE/g phenolic, 127.74 mg QE/g flavonoid), indicating their role as key inhibitory agents. These findings highlight C. bipinnatus as a viable biological solution for sustainable weed control, particularly against weedy rice. Further research is needed to optimize application strategies and minimize potential crop impacts, ensuring effective field applications while reducing reliance on synthetic herbicides in rice production systems.

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